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The surface of the antlers has a layer of downy skin with a large number of blood vessels and nerves. With stem cells which involved regenerative function, the antler can grow two to three centimeters per day, and the length can reach 1.2 meters within three months.
The researchers collected samples from eight consecutive stages of antler regeneration to establish a cell map of antler regeneration development at single-cell resolution, and identified a population of antler blastema progenitor cells (ABPCs).
Cross-species comparisons of the study also identified ABPCs in several mammalian blastema. According to the results, in vivo and in vitro ABPCs displayed strong self-renewal abilities and could generate osteochondral lineage cells.
Adult mammals have largely lost the capacity to regenerate appendages or organs. Researchers said this study has important research potential for bone regeneration and bone injury repair, bringing new hope to mammalian organ regeneration and organ injury repair.