China's R&D expenditure continued to grow rapidly in 2021, and its R&D in basic research reached a new record, according to government figures.
On August 31, the National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Ministry of Finance released the Communiqué on National Expenditures on Science and Technology in 2021, showing that a total of 2.8 trillion RMB was invested in R&D across the country, an increase of 14.6 percent over the previous year, and an actual increase of 9.8 percent, after deducting price factors.
"In 2021, in the face of more complex and severe domestic and international situations, the R&D investment of the whole society maintained a rapid growth, which supported the country's high-quality economic and social development," said Liu Huifeng, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development.
As the world's second largest spender in R&D, China has maintained double-digit growth for six consecutive years, making an important contribution to the growth of global R&D spending.
According to the Communiqué, the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP reached 2.44 percent in 2021, an increase of 0.03 percentage point over the previous year.
Liu explained that the ratio of R&D spending to GDP, or the R&D input intensity, is not only an important indicator of a country's financial support for R&D activities, but also reflects its process of economic transformation and upgrading.
China's 2021 R&D input intensity is the highest level among developing countries, higher than the EU average (2.20 percent) and slightly lower than the average (2.68 percent) of countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
The most obvious change in the structure of R&D expenditures in 2021 was that the investment in basic research increased significantly, according to Liu.
Accounting for 6.5 percent of the total R&D spending, the basic research fund was 181.7 billion RMB in 2021, up 23.9 percent from the previous year, the highest growth rate in nearly a decade.
It is worth noting that in 2021, enterprises invested more than 2 trillion RMB in R&D, accounting for 76.9 percent of the country's total R&D spending, 0.3 percentage points higher than the previous year. Chinese enterprises ranked second in the world in terms of R&D spending.
Although China's R&D expenditure has been the second largest in the world for many years, there is still a certain gap of input intensity between China and developed countries, such as the U.S., Germany, Japan and South Korea.
If China wants to be among the leading innovative countries, it should continue to increase investment in R&D, and especially invest more into basic research, said Liu.
This article is in cooperation with the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development.