Like water conservancy in the agricultural era and electricity in the industrial era, computing power is the core foundation for the development of the digital economy and new quality productive forces in the digital era.
The first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030) is witnessing a more efficient computing power network with the construction of intelligent computing centers, more optical cables and innovative application scenarios.
Integrating computing capacity
In March of this year, the explosive growth of AI applications drove China's daily token volume to exceed 140 trillion — over 1,000 times the volume two years ago. However, most computing infrastructures have been built in different regions, resulting in numerous "computing silos" with scattered resources and disparate standards. Today, a stable, inclusive, and accessible supply of computing power is urgently needed.
"Using computing power should be as convenient as using electricity," said Gao Wen, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. The computing power network therefore is connecting data centers, supercomputing centers and intelligent computing centers scattered across the country with high-speed networks for on-demand use. Moreover, it is not merely about connecting infrastructure. The network is also integrating scattered computing power resources.
The "East Data, West Computing" initiative was launched in 2022 to relocate data centers from the busy eastern cities to rural western provinces, pairing high-tech data centers with cheap, green renewable energy. Since then, several departments have jointly started constructing a national integrated computing power network, which is also stressed in the 15th Five-Year Plan.
A computing power spatial layout has taken form, with eight national computing power hubs and 10 national computing power clusters. The national integrated computing power network monitoring and distribution platform is connected to approximately 70 percent of the country's intelligent computing resources.
Coordinating electricity and computing
Behind computing power lies electricity. Last year, the total electricity consumption of computing centers across the country was close to the annual power generation of two Three Gorges hydropower projects. It is imperative to have coordinated development of computing capacity and electricity supply.
This has led to new infrastructure projects that integrate computing infrastructure with power systems via digital technologies and intelligent algorithms to enable dynamic resource optimization, according to Liu Liehong, head of the National Data Administration.
A series of policies have been implemented. The western regions coordinate national computing hubs with renewable energy bases, while the eastern regions plan distributed computing alongside distributed power, microgrids, and virtual power plants. Eligible facilities are encouraged to use direct green power and trade green certificates. Computing loads are optimized based on task-specific power usage and regulation potential.
For computing power to flow freely, the support of a high-speed, stable and dynamically perceptible communication network is necessary. More efficient and precise matching of computing power demands and resources requires the participation of operators, computing power service providers, industry users, equipment manufacturers and other entities.
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, greater emphasis will be placed on aligning supply with demand, and strengthening coordination between the computing network and the planning and construction of power grids and communication networks.
Empowering intelligent industries
This year's government work report proposed creating new forms of smart economy. With the computing network as the connection, the AI Plus Initiative is being advanced. Deeper integration of digital technology and the real economy is driving the upgrading of the entire industrial chain.
Innovative services such as "computing banks," "computing supermarkets," and "token packages" enable centralized resource allocation and affordable computing, helping small and medium-size enterprises overcome access barriers. Computing power scheduling supports manufacturers' digital upgrades, such as digital twins and smart inspection. County-level medical communities extend quality services to the grassroots with AI tools.
Exploring application scenarios around AI, advanced manufacturing, sci-tech innovation, government services, medical and health care, will form a virtuous cycle of "promoting construction through application and driving supply through demand," and ultimately promote efficient operation and sustainable development of the computing power network.