In recent years, some countries and economies, worried about their industrial competitiveness and market position, have politicized economic and trade issues. Hyping the so-called excess capacity of China, they have been propagating narratives such as "China Shock 2.0," using them as an excuse to ramp up restrictions on China and stoke up protectionism. Such practices will only disrupt the global economic and trade order and the stability of industrial and supply chains, escalate conflicts and differences, and pose long-term risks to world economic growth.
On July 28, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) released a document to clarify the facts and elaborate its policy stance on the so-called excess capacity issue.
There is no broad consensus in the international community on the definition of excess capacity. As a dynamic phenomenon in a market economy, it is linked to shifts in supply and demand and is also affected by industrial life cycles, said Lin Weilong, director general of the MOFCOM policy research office, at a press conference.
There is no necessary connection between industrial subsidies and excess capacity, according to Han Yong, director general of MOFCOM's department of World Trade Organization (WTO) affairs. Many countries introduce tailored industrial policies. For example, R&D subsidies for emerging industries and risk management subsidies for the agricultural sector are legitimate industrial and trade policy tools for WTO members.
Sound industrial subsidy policies help advance technology innovation, protect the environment, reduce poverty, and promote balanced development, rather than cause so-called excess capacity.
China's subsidies apply equally to all types of market entities and mainly go to scientific R&D, initiatives on industrial application of technology, and market consumption. For example, its consumer goods trade-in program treats domestic and foreign-invested companies equally.
In addition, robust exports and trade surplus do not mean excess capacity. It is true that exports of many Chinese products have registered rapid growth. This stems from the rising international competitiveness of China's manufacturing sector and reflects its comparative advantages achieved through fair competition, rather than excess capacity.
Western economies also export massive volumes of goods, like Germany exporting more automobiles than its domestic demand, and the U.S. selling surplus IT products overseas. Yet they never label themselves as having "excess capacity." Therefore, the claim that China's export growth is driven by excess capacity holds no water.
The recent U.S. launch of a Section 301 investigation targeting overcapacity is a typical act of unilateralism. The U.S. cannot arbitrarily define production capacity that merely exceeds domestic demand as "overcapacity" and slap on such a label at will, Lin said.
The issue of capacity is a natural outgrowth of industrial iteration, market volatility and evolving division of labor amid global economic development. All countries should focus more on exploring cooperation rather than creating confrontation.