China has achieved its first controlled recovery of a carrier rocket's first stage, representing a major breakthrough in its reusable rocket technology.
It launched a Long March-10B carrier rocket from the Hainan commercial spacecraft launch site in southern Hainan province on July 10.
The first stage of the rocket returned and was successfully captured by a net system on a seaborne platform. This is different from the traditional recovery method. In the unique sea-based net recovery system, the rocket flies directly into a massive sea-based net and is captured.
Science and Technology Daily interviewed experts from the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) to learn more about the homegrown technology.
According to the CASC, the first stage of the rocket's return occurred in a complex air current. It had to perform a series of high-difficulty and high-precision tasks such as turning around, decelerating and landing precisely in less than six minutes.
As the altitude decreased, the rocket needed to restart its engine to slow down and obtain the precise position of the recovery platform through navigation and positioning devices.
After entering the net system, the rocket slowly descended, and its lanyard mechanism unfolded. The LiDAR units at the four corners of the platform measured the position and attitude of the rocket in real time, driving the cables to hold the rocket and eliminate its kinetic and potential energy.
The recovery technology was a process of coordination between the net platform and the rocket — they needed to "head towards each other" and complete a high-dynamic "docking" amid the disturbance of waves.
The platform can't remain still due to the wind and waves, and the rocket does not descend in a completely straight line, maneuvering and rolling to a certain degree.
Therefore it needs to receive the platform's position data in real time and compensate for the angular deviation.
This requires intelligent control and autonomous flight technology, the rocket engine's ability to maintain stable operation in extreme environments, as well as the recovery platform's rapid response, which accurately determines the timing of the rocket's entry, and absorbs the energy the rocket gives off through buffering, fixing and other mechanisms.
The recovery system has a 67 meters high tower structure weighing 5,400 tonnes, making the design extremely challenging. Overall, the seaborne net-capture system integrates technologies from multiple fields such as mechanical engineering, automatic control, and material science.
In the future, the net capture recovery system can be redesigned for the recovery of rockets of different scales. This program will assist China's space industry in conducting low-cost, high-frequency and sustainable space exploration.