China's pharmaceutical industry now ranks second largest in the world, accounting for about 30 percent of the global total of innovative drugs being researched, said Yang Sheng, deputy head of the National Medical Products Administration at a press conference on August 22. Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), China has approved 204 innovative drugs and 265 innovative medical devices, Yang said.
China's growing role in biotechnological innovation has received increasingly more global attention, with its innovative drug development making great strides in quantity and quality.
According to Bloomberg, in 2015, the year China began reforming its drug regulatory system, it contributed only 160 compounds — less than 6 percent of the world's pipeline of innovative drugs. Over the following decade, however, China's presence in global drug research surged. By 2024, more than 1,250 novel medicines — including those for cancer and weight-loss — entered development in China, far surpassing the European Union and close to the U.S.'s total of about 1,440.
From 2020 to 2024, 20 of the world's top 50 producers of innovative drug candidates were Chinese companies, compared with only five in the previous five years, Bloomberg reported.
The statistics support The Economist's observation that Chinese pharmaceutical companies are at the cutting edge of development, creating innovative drugs at lower costs than their rivals, and making China the second-largest developer of new drugs after the U.S.
Beyond the numbers, the more important progress lies in the rising quality of Chinese biotech innovation. Now, the pace of deals between Western biopharma and China's biotech laboratories has accelerated rapidly. One reason is the improving quality of the drug compounds being developed, Andy Plump, head of research at Takeda Pharmaceutical, told BioPharma Dive, a leading industry publication. For example, China-based drugmaker BeiGene's blood cancer drug Brukinsa outperformed established treatments of the same type in 2024.
Analysts attribute China's rapid progress to several factors. One key factor behind the rise of China's novel medicines is its faster and cheaper clinical trials.
The Economist said China's biotech boom has been propelled by a vast patient pool that simplifies recruitment, along with government incentives encouraging hospitals and doctors to back research, adding that, "Faster trials have made Chinese drugs even more attractive to global drugmakers."
"Not only is China becoming a larger contributor to global clinical trials, but the cost of trials is not rising and the per patient trial cost is less than that in the U.S.," said Clinicaltrialsarena website, a part of global data analytics company GlobalData. To further accelerate novel drug development, China posted a draft policy this June, proposing to reduce the clinical trial review waiting period for novel medicines from the current 60 working days to 30 working days.
Another key driver is the inflow of capital and expertise. The Economist said China's vast domestic market attracts big drugmakers, bringing know-how and talent. Meanwhile, the Center for Strategic and International Studies said China has been bolstering intellectual property protections and investing heavily in both basic and applied research.
From policy support to global partnerships, China's biotech industry is on a strong growth trajectory. As innovation rises, the country is becoming a major player, destined to shape the future of global drug development.