At the end of 1937, a renowned scientist arrived in Yan'an, the revolutionary base of the Communist Party of China (CPC). His arrival caused a stir and caught the attention of the Party's top leadership.
After meeting him for the first time, Chairman Mao Zedong generously offered substantial support: "I can give you 20,000 yuan. Please see if there's something useful to do [with the money]. There's also a small arsenal and a broken-down oil plant. Please take a look and see if they can be of use."
At a time when an Eighth Route Army soldier's monthly stipend was just 1.5 yuan, the gesture highlighted the Party's faith in this scientist — Chen Kangbai, co-founder of the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences, the first science and engineering university established by the CPC and the predecessor of Beijing Institute of Technology.
On July 10, 2025, a new exhibition hall dedicated to the school's legacy opened in Yan'an, showcasing the scientific efforts that supported both the resistance against Japanese aggression and the economic development of the border region.
From Germany to Yan'an: joining the revolution
When the Lugou Bridge Incident marked Japan's full-scale invasion of China in July 1937, Chen, then studying in Germany, was overwhelmed with indignation. He gave up favorable research conditions abroad and returned to China to join the resistance.
He had been invited to the University of Gottingen by Nobel Laureate Adolf Windaus, and was highly respected — given his own lab floor and support for his wife to study and care for him. Chen was already a leading figure in Chinese chemistry at the time.
Despite Windaus' repeated efforts to retain him, Chen declined the offer. He packed his books and lab equipment, and with his family, embarked on the long journey home. After arriving in Changsha, a meeting with his mentor Xu Teli would change the course of his life.
"The CPC is the one firmly resisting Japan's invasion. If you want to save the nation, you must go to Yan'an and join the revolution," Xu told him. Inspired by these words, Chen made his way to Yan'an and, in 1938, officially joined the CPC.
Science for nation and survival
In May 1939, Chen was appointed to lead the preparatory committee for the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences, the first natural science research institution in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. As vice president, he tackled numerous local challenges through science.
Yan'an faced a paper shortage, so Chen led the development of a new papermaking technique using malan grass. At a local textile factory, when production stalled, he worked and lived alongside workers to build workshops and calibrate machines, restoring operations in record time.
In 1940, he was also appointed director of the Sanbian Salt Industry Office, tasked with alleviating the region's severe salt shortage. Under his guidance, locals dug wells near brine springs, built salt pans, and used buckets to collect brine, which crystallized into fine white salt within days.
The method quickly spread, boosting production five-to six-fold and easing local fiscal difficulties.
In 1944, Chen moved south with the army, serving as the minister of the Military Industry Department of the Central Plains Military Region. In harsh conditions, he led the improvement of weapons production, developing powerful, easy-to-make wooden-handled grenades and new landmines. His efforts improved firearms repair and ammunition output, meeting the needs of the those on the battlefield.
Founding a school for science and revolution
Despite achievements in research, there was a pressing shortage of trained personnel. On March 15, 1940, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee approved the founding of the Yan'an Academy of Natural Sciences, aiming to train professionals who were well-versed in both revolutionary theories and natural sciences.
Chen threw himself into the academy's establishment. The school officially opened on September 1, 1940, offering programs in chemistry, mechanical and civil engineering, agriculture and forestry. It included university, high school, and middle school divisions.
He worked tirelessly to address enrollment and funding, and in May 1944, he was appointed the academy's president.
As A Concise History of the Communist Party of China published in 2021 notes, the Academy of Natural Sciences in Yan'an was "the CPC's first institution dedicated to scientific education and research."