Climate change is a defining issue of our future. Achieving the goal of carbon neutrality requires the joint efforts of the international community. The development of a system for new energy sources is key to achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development. Crafting the optimal next-generation energy system includes variables such as energy structure, energy technologies, and other yet-to-be determined attributes. This addresses the challenge of meeting the demand for "safe, green and economic" energy, despite being constrained by carbon neutrality.

　　After summarizing the development ideas and carbon-neutral energy systems plans in different countries, the multilateral joint research project "Carbon Neutrality and Energy System Transformation (CNEST)" was proposed. Based on monitoring global carbon sources and sinks, this approach integrates advanced computing technology and energy network, and aims to optimize the energy system and find a model for a new generation energy system.