A tokamak is an experimental machine designed to harness the energy of fusion. ITER tokamak has been designed specifically to:
1) Achieve a deuterium-tritium plasma in which the fusion conditions are sustained mostly by internal fusion heating. Fusion research today is at the threshold of exploring a "burning plasma". The plasmas in ITER will not only produce much more fusion energy, but will remain stable for longer periods of time.
2) Generate 500 MW of fusion power in its plasma. ITER is designed to yield in its plasma a ten-fold return on power (Q=10), or 500 MW of fusion power from 50 MW of input heating power. ITER will not convert the heating power it produces as electricity, but — as the first of all fusion experiments in history to produce net energy gain across the plasma — it will prepare the way for the machines that can.
3) Contribute to the demonstration of the integrated operation of technologies for a fusion power plant. ITER will bridge the gap between today's smaller-scale experimental fusion devices and the demonstration fusion power plants of the future. Scientists will be able to study plasmas under conditions similar to those expected in a future power plant and test technologies such as heating, control, diagnostics, and remote maintenance.
4) Test tritium breeding. One of the missions for the later stages of ITER operation is to demonstrate the feasibility of producing tritium from lithium within the vacuum vessel. ITER will provide a unique opportunity to test mockup in-vessel tritium breeding blankets in a real fusion environment.
5) Demonstrate the safety characteristics of a fusion device. ITER achieved an important landmark in fusion history when, in 2012, the ITER Organization was licensed as a nuclear operator in France. One of the primary goals of ITER operation is to demonstrate the control of the plasma and the fusion reactions with negligible consequences to the environment.