Xiao Nian, also known as the "Little New Year" and the Festival of the Kitchen God, is a traditional Chinese festival that marks the beginning of the Chinese Lunar New Year celebration. It honors the Kitchen God, the deity who oversees the moral character of households, and takes place about a week before the Chinese Lunar New Year.
In northern China, Xiao Nian is celebrated on the 23rd day of the 12th month of the Chinese calendar, while in southern China, it is celebrated on the 24th day. This year it falls on January 22 in the north.
Xiao Nian has its origins in the ancient worship of the Kitchen God, which has many customs associated with it.
One of the most distinctive traditions of Xiao Nian is families burning the paper image of the Kitchen God they had preserved since the previous year. The old belief was that this would send the deity's spirit to Heaven to report on the family's conduct in the past year.
The Kitchen God is then welcomed back into the home by placing a new paper image of him next to the stove. From this vantage point, he will watch over and protect the household for another year.
Offerings to the Kitchen God include fish, sweet bean paste, fruit, boiled dumplings, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat made from sticky millet and germinated wheat.
Between the Laba Festival, which falls on the eighth day of the last lunar month, and Xiao Nian, families across China do a thorough housecleaning, sweeping out the old in preparation for the New Year.
Xiao Nian is an important Chinese festival because it means people getting ready to usher in a new year, a symbol of their resolution to leave the past behind and welcome a new beginning of happiness and good fortune.