The Qinling Station, China's fifth research station in Antarctica, became operational on February 7, marking a milestone in polar exploration.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry said the research facility is intended to help enhance scientific understanding of Antarctica, provide a platform for China to cooperate with other countries in scientific expeditions, and promote peace and sustainable development in the region.
What Qinling represents
The Qinling Station is located along the coast of the Ross Sea, a region known for its sensitivity to global climate changes and an ideal spot for polar scientific exploration. It will not only fill a gap in Antarctic research coverage but also provide vital support for international studies on energy and material exchanges in the fields of the earth system, marine biology ecology and global climate changes. Establishing the station underscores China's commitment to understanding, protecting and utilizing Antarctica.
Why the name Qinling
There are two reasons for choosing the name Qinling. The Qinling Mountains, a major mountain range in China, act as a natural east-west divider and represent a rich diversity of geography, history and culture. The Qinling Station too is located near a transverse mountain range that geographically divides Antarctica.
Besides, the Qinling region is known for its rich biodiversity and medicinal plants and is the sole nesting ground of the crested ibis, a bird once on the brink of extinction. The name therefore is meant to convey the station's green, eco-friendly and energy-efficient design philosophy. This aligns with China's emphasis on protecting the Antarctic environment and its advocacy of "green exploration."
How Qinling was constructed
Building infrastructure in Antarctica, dubbed the "white desert" because of its vast ice-covered landscape, poses significant challenges due to the extreme cold and high winds. It took over a decade for the Qinling Station to take shape from the site survey to the completion of its main structure.
Wang Zhechao, the inaugural station chief, described the three-phase construction process, which was optimal during the Antarctic summer from December to February. The first step included on-site surveys of the hydrology, meteorology, geology, flora, fauna and ice conditions as well as mapping. The preliminary analysis helped to assess the feasibility and environmental impact of construction. After a comprehensive site selection process, an international environmental assessment report was submitted to the Antarctic governing bodies for approval.
Once international approval was obtained, the preparatory work began at home. It included detailed designing and planning, followed by assembling construction teams, and machinery and custom equipment for pre-assembly and inspection in China. Then the teams and materials were transported to Antarctica aboard ice-resistant vessels.
The final phase saw on-site assembly in Antarctica. The construction teams transferred the materials from ship to shore and completed the structural installation, system setup and operational testing within the limited weather window.
The three-phase construction strategy was meant to ensure that the Qinling Station is well-equipped to bolster Antarctic research efforts and provide a robust platform for scientific discovery and environmental monitoring in one of the most challenging and crucial research frontiers on the planet.