The recently concluded 28th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is seen as a global stocktake of progress in limiting the temperature rise since the Paris Agreement was signed. However, instead of strengthening joint efforts to address global climate governance, some critics missed the point, focusing on shirking responsibilities and discrediting others.
According to the UK's The Guardian, electricity generation in China and India, and oil and gas production in the U.S., have produced the biggest increases in global greenhouse gas emissions since 2015.
Lacking scientific basis, this comment is one-sided and inconsistent with the facts and failed to demonstrate the positive attitude needed for climate response, the Chinese Embassy in the UK said on December 6.
Global warming is the result of cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases. Developed countries have been releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere for more than 200 years of industrialization. They have unshirkable historical responsibility for climate change, including the UK, said the Embassy spokesperson.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report, historical cumulative CO_2 emissions from 1850 to 2019 are estimated at 2,400±240 Gt CO_2, of which more than half (58 percent) occurred before 1990. Among them, North America and Europe ranked the highest in cumulative emissions, accounting for 23 percent and 16 percent respectively.
Data from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research showed that the 2022 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per capita of EU members are nearly 1.2 times more than global GHG emissions per capita.
The Party GHG Inventory Submissions to the UNFCCC secretariat suggested that among the 15 developed countries and the EU, only nine parties have achieved their GHG emission reduction targets in 2022.
Even worse, the 100 billion USD of climate finance that is promised by developed countries for developing countries has not been provided. Estimates by a British-founded confederation of charitable organizations Oxfam and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development suggested that the actual flow of climate finance from developed to developing countries in 2020 was between 21 billion USD and 83.3 billion USD.
Erik Solheim, former UN under-secretary-general and former executive director of the UN Environment Programme, said that developed countries that have caused the major part of global warming should take on their due responsibilities for climate change.
Wealthy investors have the capital to take risks, and indeed, should be taking more of them, said Bill Gates, the billionaire founder of Microsoft. "Very wealthy individuals should also be making changes to their lifestyles to bring their emissions close to zero," he told the New York Times.
It is an objective fact that developed and developing countries have different historical responsibilities, development stages and capabilities to combat climate change.
China has stayed true to its promises and made significant contributions to global climate response. The country's emission intensity of carbon dioxide decreased by more than 51 percent from 2005. Compared to developed countries' general programme of 40 to 70 years to move from carbon peaking to carbon neutrality, China has given itself 30 years.
Fatih Birol, head of the International Energy Agency, told pan-European media network Euractiv that China did the world "a big favour" by bringing down the cost of clean technologies such as solar panels.
As the Chinese Embassy in the UK remarked, the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and respective capabilities should be upheld in tackling climate change.
The key to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement lies in fulfilling commitments and actions, as well as strengthening unity and cooperation. Shirking responsibilities and passing crisis on to others will only continue to hamper the global climate governance process.