Heat waves have been ravaging much of China recently with record temperatures across the country. It is therefore important to be aware of the most common illnesses that are normally associated with hot summer days and learn some preventive tips.
Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related illness. Heat stroke occurs when the body is unable to control its temperature: body temperature rises rapidly, sweating mechanisms fail, and the body is unable to cool itself. When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 41°C or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Without emergency treatment, it could cause permanent disability or death.
Commonly used cooling methods include evaporative cooling, cold water immersion, ice cooling, and so on. Among them, evaporative cooling is mainly spraying water mist on the skin along with continuous fanning or wiping the whole body with a wet towel, while ice cooling is applying gauze-wrapped ice packs to the neck, groin and armpits.
Risk of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases
Humans, especially the elderly, are generally more susceptible to intravascular volume depletion with exposure to heat, resulting in hypotension, thrombocytosis and hyperlipidemia. During hot summers, the heart pumps harder and faster to maintain an effective circulating blood volume, resulting in increased cardiac workload. In addition, the body loses a lot of water through sweating, which can lead to blood concentration, increased blood viscosity and peripheral vascular resistance, and ultimately increased blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for death from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Preventive measures include reducing exposure to high temperatures, timely hydration, regular monitoring to control blood pressure and glucose.
Digestive System Infections
Hot weather increases the risk of digestive system infections, because most pathogens grow and multiply faster and survive longer in a warm environment, increasing the chance of contamination of food and water. In addition, dehydration, heat cramps and heat exhaustion caused by high temperatures, vasoconstriction and ischemia of the gastrointestinal tract caused by cold and raw diets will weaken the body's immunity and affect the secretion of the digestive glands, resulting in digestive disorders.
Preventive measures include paying attention to food hygiene, eating less raw and cold food and leftovers, and washing hands before meals. After diarrhea occurs, water and electrolytes should be replenished, and timely access to medical care, especially if there is a drop in blood pressure, dizziness, or coldness at the ends of the limbs.