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By replacing flammable liquid electrolytes with solid-state inorganic electrolytes, ASSLBs are safer than commercial Li-ion batteries using liquid electrolytes, and can realize greater energy density.
Developing energy-dense ASSLBs requires positive electrode active materials that are ionic conductive and compressible at room temperature, to enable higher mass loading of active materials.
Over the past few decades, the most used positive electrode active materials are oxides. However, high ionic conductivity and good compressibility cannot be easily realized in oxides, which has limited the overall performance of a Li-ion battery.
The research team from USTC synthesized and used lithium titanium chloride (Li_3TiCl_6) as a positive electrode material for ASSLBs. The material shows a high ionic conductivity of 1.04 mS cm^-1 at 25?°C, easily compressible like most chlorides, and delivers good battery performance.
As a result, the mass loading of active materials in the composite positive electrode can reach 95?wt%, which surpasses oxides such as LiCoO_2 and LiFePO_4 (typically below 80?wt%). When the all-solid-state cell assembled using such a composite positive electrode was charged and discharged under 95.2?mA g^-1 at 25?°C, the capacity retention was above 80 percent for 388 cycles, even after 2,500 cycles, a capacity retention of 62.3 percent was still sustained.
The research was published in the journal Nature Communications on March 13, 2023.