





Truth: Excessive intake of sugar substitutes has health risks
As winter approaches, people's time for outdoor exercise gradually decreases. Many people begin to worry about insufficient calorie consumption, so they pay extra attention to controlling calorie intake. Sugar-substituted drinks and snacks labeled "zero sugar" seem to contain no calories. Some people therefore believe that sugar substitutes are absolutely safe and healthy. So, is this really true?
"Sugar substitutes should also be consumed reasonably, excessive intake of them still poses health risks," said Zheng Yunliang, director of the Tianjin Institute of Modern Health Technology.
Sugar substitutes refer to alternative sweeteners, which belong to food additives. There are three main categories of this — natural sweeteners, sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners. At present, most of the sugar substitutes on the market are artificial sweeteners, which are chemically synthesized, such as aspartame.
"Sugar substitutes can be classified as nutritive or non-nutritive in terms of their ability to produce energy. Almost all non-nutritive sugar substitutes do not contain glucose in their breakdown products and are not directly involved in the secretion of insulin. Therefore, in theory, non-nutritive sugar substitutes do not cause an increase in blood sugar," Zheng said.
However, this does not mean that sugar substitutes can be consumed in excess."The sweetness of sugar substitutes could stimulate appetite, cause diarrhea after excessive intake, and may also increase the burden on kidneys," said Zheng, adding that scientific findings have shown that artificial sweeteners may have the risk of causing disease.
For example, a study published in the British Medical Journal in 2022 showed that replacing sugar with artificial sweeteners in foods or beverages did not have any benefit on the overall cardiovascular health of the population. A related study was also published in the journal Cell, which found that the intake of artificial sweeteners was associated with changes in the gut microbiome, as well as elevated blood sugar.
Therefore, Zheng suggested that consumers should try to choose food containing natural sweeteners, such as erythritol, stevioside, and rosmarinic acid sweetener. "Occasional consumption of foods and beverages that are packed with sugar substitutes is safe, and people do not need to be overly stressed. The public should understand and consume sugar substitutes scientifically and enhance their health through diet and exercise," Zheng recommended.