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| China lauches CHES to find new Earth-like planets. (PHOTO: VCG) |
Chinese scientists have proposed a new space program named "the Close Habitable Exoplanet Survey" (CHES), which aims to survey the sky through a space telescope designed to identify habitable planets outside the solar system, about 32 light-years from the Earth. Once the program is implemented, it would be the first international space mission dedicated to identifying habitable Earth-like planets in the neighborhood around solar-type stars.
The exploration for habitable planets outside the solar system is one of the important frontiers for fundamental astronomy research. CHES will provide vital clues for questions like "are we alone in the universe?" The discovery of nearby habitable planets would expand the living space for humankind.
Currently, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been discovered and confirmed, including about 50 Earth-like planets in the habitable zone, but most of them are hundreds of light years from the Earth.
For the program, a 1.2-meter aperture high-image-quality and high-stability optical telescope will be placed at the second Lagrange (L2) point of the solar-terrestrial system. The telescope will be used to explore about 100 sun-like stars, and about 50 Earth-like planets or super-earths are expected to be discovered.
The orbit of L2 in a relatively stable thermal radiation environment, where the famous James Webb Space Telescope is located, is less affected by Earth's gravity. Besides the exploration on extraterrestrial life, it may also shed light on the formation and evolution of the Earth.
Based on high precision relative astrometry technology, CHES will precisely measure the change in star spacing with respect to six to eight standard reference stars at the microarcsecond scale, calculate the tiny variances of the target star caused by the gravitational perturbation of the planet by these subtle changes, and detect earth-like planets in the habitable zone around stars with real mass.