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The scientists conducted experiments to evaluate the lunar soil's performance as a photovoltaic-driven electrocatalyst, photocatalyst, and photothermal catalyst. The results showed that the lunar sample performed well in photovoltaic water electrolysis and photothermal catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation.
There are also an abundance of micropores and vesicles on the surface of lunar soil, which, "Further enhances the lunar soil's catalytic performance," said Yao Yingfang, the project leader and professor at Nanjing University.
Based on the results, the scientists proposed a plausible extraterrestrial photosynthesis solution using lunar soil. With the super low temperature at night (-173℃) on the moon, the carbon dioxide in people's breath can be condensed and separated. Under sunlight, the breath exhalation and water resource on the moon can be converted into oxygen, hydrogen, methane and methanol, using lunar soil as a photovoltaic-driven electrocatalyst and photothermal catalyst.
The solution can realize energy conversion with low energy cost and high efficiency, said Yao, adding that solar energy, water and lunar soil could be all that is needed to produce oxygen and hydrocarbon via extraterrestrial photosynthesis, thus creating a "zero-energy consumption" extraterrestrial life support system.
"If lunar soil or its extracts could be used as catalysts for photosynthesis on the moon, the payloads and cost of spacecrafts will drop greatly," said Yao.
Although the catalytic efficiency of lunar soil is lower than catalysts available on the Earth, scientists will extract and purify the effective component in lunar soil to achieve better catalytic performance.
According to Yao, they are working with researchers from China Academy of Space Technology, aiming to involve extraterrestrial photosynthesis in future space programs and test the solution in real environment.