China is building a specially designed ship for launching rockets into space from the sea, to help boost the capacity to launch satellites and recycle rocket stages. The new ship is expected to enter service in 2022.
The 162.5 meters long, 40 meters wide rocket launching vessel is being constructed for use with the new China Oriental Spaceport in Haiyang, Shandong province.
The ship will be used to launch solid-fuel rockets such as the Long March 11 and Smart Dragon 3, which is still under development. According to a post on a Chinese social network, in the future it could also be used to launch rockets powered by liquid fuel.
Maritime launches have several advantages. With new space companies emerging and major constellation plans in the works, along with preparations for major space station missions, the sea launch option will provide more routes to orbit.
One of the advatages is flexible launch pad placement means it's much easier to choose a flight path that doesn't pass over other countries, and eases the pressure on China's four main launch centers.
Another advantage is the possibility of launching closer to the equator, where the Earth's rotation speed gives the rockets an extra "boost," which means that less fuel is needed to reach orbit.
The Haiyang base will also have the capacity for rocket assembly and testing, and produce up to 20 solid rockets per year. In addition, future plans will enable the site to produce more complex liquid propellant rockets. China Rocket Co. Ltd. has signed a contract for launches from Haiyang.