An all-climate battery has been adopted by the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games as one of the core technologies to power its Olympic electric vehicles.
The all-climate battery is also the thermally modulated battery designed for electric vehicles without range anxiety and has unsurpassed safety, low cost, and contains no cobalt.
Chao-Yang Wang, leader of the research team at Pennsylvania State University, was looking for a battery with a controllable interphase and finally invented the all-climate battery.
According to Wang, without increasing the flammability of the electrolyte or changing the thermal stability of the electrode material, a piece of nickel foil with a thickness of 10 microns is implanted inside the battery to act as a heating element. Then the one end is attached to the negative terminal and the other is extended outside the cell to create a third terminal.
When electrons flow, it rapidly heats up the nickel foil through resistance heating and warms the inside of the battery. Once the battery's internal temperature gets to 60°C, the switch opens and the battery is ready for rapid charge or discharge.
Using a switch, the activity of the battery can be adjusted at will. For a battery completely frozen in an environment of minus 30°C, it only takes 30 seconds to self-heat to above zero degrees and function normally.
Wang's team modeled this battery using existing technologies and innovative approaches. They proposed that using this self-heating method, they could use low-cost materials for the battery's cathode and anode and a safe, low-voltage electrolyte.
The cathode is thermally stable, lithium iron phosphate, which does not contain any of the expensive and critical materials like cobalt. The anode is made of very large particle graphite, a safe, light and inexpensive material.
The batteries have a range of 250 miles, with the ability to charge in 10 minutes. The key to long-life and rapid recharging is the battery's ability to quickly heat up to 60°C, for charge and discharge, and then cool down when the battery is not working.
The 10-minute fast charging battery will become an important milestone in the development of electric vehicles, said Wang.