Chinese scientist Cai Tao showed a sample of synthesized starch at a lab on Sept. 16, 2021. (PHOTO: XINHUA) |
Chinese scientists have developed an artificial method of synthesizing starch from carbon dioxide (CO2)— a world first which marks a revolutionary leap forward in the field of basic research.
The study, conducted by the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology (TIB) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was published in the journal Science on September 24. The research team reported a chemical -biochemical hybrid pathway for starch synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a cell-free system.
This study makes it possible to transform starch production from traditional agricultural planting to industrial manufacturing, and paves the way for complex molecules synthesis from carbon dioxide, according to the research team.
Starches, a storage form of carbohydrates, are a major source of calories in the human diet and a primary feedstock for the bioindustry.
According to the TIB, starch synthesis in nature needs about 60 metabolic reactions and complex physiological regulations.
The artificial starch anabolic pathway (ASAP), developed by the research team, consists of only 11 core reactions. It was drafted by computational pathway design, established through modular assembly and substitution, and optimized by protein engineering of three bottleneck-associated enzymes.
In a chemoenzymatic system with spatial and temporal segregation, ASAP, driven by hydrogen, converts carbon dioxide to starch at a rate 8.5 times faster than starch synthesis in maize, said Cai Tao, the lead author of the paper and an associate professor at the TIB.
With sufficient energy supply, the annual starch production of a bioreactor with the size of one cubic meter is theoretically as much as that of about 0.3 hectares of cornfields in China.
Ma Yanhe, Director General of the TIB, said that in the future, if the cost of the ASAP process can be reduced to a more economically feasible level, compared with agriculture, it will save more than 90 percent of the arable land and freshwater resources, and avoid the negative effect on the environment from pesticides and chemical fertilizer.
"The work could provide a pathway to our future industrial biomanufacturing of this important global substance," said Meagan Phelan, Science Press Package Executive Director.